Résultats de recherche

Rotterdam oil registered operators Weekly analysis of the oil market On February 1, 2021 Rotterdam introduced a licensing programme for bunker suppliers operating within the port. The official list of licensed suppliers can be found here: https://www.portofrotterdam.com/sites/default/files/bunker-permit-and-facility.pdf The PDF file can be viewed after registering on the port website. The five oil refineries in the port of Rotterdam form the core of the petrochemical cluster in the port area. The oil refineries manufacture products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, heating oil and feedstock for the chemical industry. The refineries in the port have a combined distillation capacity of 58 million tonnes. In the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany another five refineries are supplied with (crude) oil via pipelines from the port of Rotterdam. Shell Nederland ExxonMobil Vitol BP Gunvor Petroleum Rotterdam Platts corrects German Renewable Capture Prices for Feb. 28 and Feb. 29 Rotterdam oil registered operators Commodity: Electric Power, Energy Transition Region: EMEA Subscriber note type: Data Correction Platts, part of S&P Global Commodity Insights, has corrected German Renewable Capture Prices data for Feb. 28 and Feb. 29 due to a technical error. Rotterdam Europort : Ideal location for crude oil supply The oil refineries in the port of Rotterdam receive their crude oil by tanker from areas including the North Sea region, Russia and the Middle East. The port of Rotterdam offers the advantage that even the largest oil tankers can enter the port and load and unload at the oil terminals in a single visit. The crude oil is transported by pipeline to the refineries in Rotterdam and the hinterland. Cluster with Vlissingen, Antwerp and Germany The petrochemical cluster in Rotterdam is not isolated. Together with the refineries of Total/Lukoil in Vlissingen, Shell in Godorf, BP/Rosneft in Gelsenkirchen and Total and ExxonMobil in Antwerp, the port of Rotterdam makes up one of the three largest fuel hubs in the world. Excellent distribution possibilities within Europe and overseas and the broad range of tank storage ensure that also large-scale trade in fuels takes place in Rotterdam.

Brent at nearly $83/bbl supported by geopolitical tensions and low signs of improvement in the economy in the euro zone. Weekly analysis of the oil market The price of Brent was up slightly last week, still supported by geopolitical tensions in Middle East, and encouraging macroeconomic indicators showing signs of improvement in Europe zone. On a weekly average, the price of Brent ICE (one-month London futures contract) increased by $0.3/bbl (+0.4%) to $82.8/bbl, while WTI remained stable at $77.8/bbl. The consensus of economists surveyed by Bloomberg on February 23 is stable compared to last week, with a price of Brent for the first quarter at $82.5/bbl and $82.8/bbl for the second quarter. Eurozone PMI indices: contraction in industry, but improvement in services activity. The Eurozone Composite PMI for February came in slightly above consensus forecasts, at 48.9 compared to 47.9 in January. However, it remains in contraction territory. The rise in the composite PMI index is entirely due to the increase in the services PMI (from 48.4 to 50.0), as the manufacturing PMI fell (from 46.6 to 46.1). The decrease in the European manufacturing PMI is explained by a further reduction in orders to exports and by a more marked contraction in employment, but above all by the fall in the German PMI, the index passing from 45.5 in January to 42.3. On the other hand. S&P Global's Eurozone report offers little reassurance on pricing, however, with inflation in selling prices and growth in average input costs for producers of goods and providers of services continuing to increase. In the United States, growth in private sector activity slowed in February, with an estimate of the index Composite PMI at 51.4, after reaching 52 the previous month. Russia's oil revenues: The difficult assessment of economic sanctions As the Russia-Ukrainian conflict will enter into its third year, and that a new set of economic sanctions (the 13th) was adopted last week by the G7, the impact of these sanctions on Russia's oil revenues is still difficult to estimate. According to the KSE Institute, sanctions on Russian oil have already cost the country $113 billion in export revenues since the start of the conflict, with an additional loss estimated at $55 billion in gas export revenues due to Europe's diversification away from Russian gas. For the IEA, which is based on flows from Kpler and price data from Argus, average oil export revenues in 2023 were $175 billion ($14.6 billion/month), compared to $228 billion. $ ($19 billion/month) in 2022, a drop of more than $53 billion (around 2% of Russia's estimated GDP). Nevertheless, Russia's oil export revenues appear to be on the rise again in 2024 with revenue estimated at $15.6 billion in January for an export of 7.7 Mb/d of oil and petroleum products. On average over the last three months, the price of Russian crude was sold at a discount of $13.4/bbl compared to Brent (according to Argus), but has always remained above the $60/bbl mark set by the G7 countries, demonstrating the difficulty of enforcing this ceiling despite the pressure exerted by the United States on some shipping companies. On the other hand, according to data from Argus, the price seiling for petroleum products was generally respected in recent months, with the exception of naphtha, the sale price of which was slightly higher. The lack of transparency and the difficulty of obtaining precise data on oil flows and real prices of sale (Argus prices are obtained by consultation with a few players) make it difficult to estimate the impact of the G7 measurements. To avoid this lack of transparency, the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom introduced tougher rules this month aimed at supporting the implementation of caps on price and prevent its circumvention by reducing the opportunities for bad actors to use opaque transport to conceal the purchase of oil beyond the ceiling. In particular, operators will have to provide detailed certificates for each transport (previously declarations on an annual basis were accepted). USA: Further increase in crude stocks and low level of use of American refineries. In the United States, commercial crude stocks increased by 3.5 Mb last week (vs. +3.8 Mb consensus/+1.8 Mb average over 5 years), for the fourth consecutive week. They are currently less than 1% of the average five-yearly. This increase was supported by crude oil production which returned to its record level of 13.3 Mb/d. American refinery activity is starting to recover, with a utilization rate of 80.6%, but still well below the levels seen at this time of year over the past five years (86.3%) due to outages for maintenance and repairs. With regard to petroleum products, stocks of gasoline are down very slightly (-0.3 Mb), while stocks of distillates have decreased by more than 4 Mb due to of an increase in demand. Distillate stocks are on average 9% lower than the five-year average. Europe: Tensions on diesel are reducing. Decline in refining margins In Europe, stocks of refined products in the ARA zone increased by 0.5% to 5.7 Mt last week. The Gasoline stocks fell 3.4%, but remain more than 3% below the average of the last five years. The Diesel stocks decrease again (-1.2%) and remain more than 15% below the average of the last five years. On the Rotterdam international market, gasoline prices fell by 0.1% and diesel prices by 3.7%, the pressure on this market starting to ease with crack diesel down 9.3% per week last. In this context, the European refining margin fell by 17% to $10.6/bbl.

Further drop in crude oil prices: oil market rebalances Weekly analysis of the oil market Crude oil prices remain on a downward trend for the third consecutive week. The geopolitical premium that kept prices around $90/b has declined, although an extension of the conflict between Israel and Hamas to other parts of the Middle East remains possible, even inevitable for some countries like Iran. The price of crude oil currently fluctuates between $80 and $85/b, in line with its equilibrium price based on market fundamentals, estimated at $83/b (model linking the supply, demand and evolution of oil stocks. On the futures markets, hedge fund managers continued to disengage with a further 24,245 (-7.7%) decline in combined net positions (Brent and WTI). Oil prices, however, found some support at the end of last week as financial markets rallied. Europe: Lower gasoline and diesel prices in the Rotterdam market Petroleum product prices followed the decline in crude oil prices, with a 1.9% decrease for gasoline and 5.6% for diesel. In this context, the European refining margin (Brent FCC) increased by $0.5/b to $6.9/b, about double the average of the last 5 years. The price correction on the oil market led to a clear reduction in the offset of the forward curves. The price spread between the first two Brent futures contracts narrowed from $1.5/bbl last month to just $20/bbl. Surprisingly, the price gap between the first two futures contracts on the WTI is even gone negative for one day last week. The premium on the price of oil for short-term delivery over longer maturities has also been significantly reduced. Currently, the difference between the contract of the first month and the contract with maturity in twelve months is $3/b, compared to $8 to $10/b the previous month. This significant change in the shape of the forward curves suggests a more comfortable supply outlook for the oil market in the coming months. However, this situation could change if Saudi Arabia decides to extend its voluntary reduction of production beyond the end of year. The likelihood of such a decision has increased significantly in recent days due to the recent drop in prices. Saudi Arabia is expected to announce its decision at the next OPEC+ meeting in about two weeks. On a weekly average, Brent crude oil prices on futures markets fell $4.7/bbl to $81.6/bbl, and WTI fell $4.1/bbl to $77.3/bbl. The consensus of economists surveyed by Bloomberg on November 10 remained stable, with a crude oil price for this quarter at $90/b and $90/b for the first quarter of 2024. USA: the EIA forecasts a rebalancing of the oil market in 2024. In its latest monthly report, the EIA forecasts oil production in 2024 up 1 MMb/d, down substantially from this year (+1.6 MMb/d). The US agency thus expects that OPEC+ production reductions will keep world production growth below that of world consumption (+1.4 MMb/d) contributing to a reduction in inventories and upward pressure on oil prices in early 2024. Although the Agency considers that the conflict between Israel and Hamas has not affected the physical supply of oil at this stage, uncertainties surrounding the conflict and other global oil supply conditions could put upward pressure on crude oil prices in the coming months. EIA projects that the price of Brent will increase from $90/b in the fourth quarter of 2023 to an average of $93/b in 2024. In its analysis, the EIA notes that the gradual improvement in vehicle fuel efficiency and the increasing share of electric vehicles reduce the per capita demand for automotive gasoline in the United States. The agency cites researchers from the Argonne National Laboratory who estimated that the adoption of electric vehicles helped reduce fuel consumption in the United States by about 0.5% in 2021 compared to what it would have been otherwise. The impact of the adoption of electric vehicles on fuel consumption has probably increased since 2021; however, data lags on vehicle scrappage rates and changes in telework habits, among other factors, complicate the analysis of the impact of electric vehicles on recent per capita fuel consumption declines. EIA currently projects that overall gasoline consumption in the United States will decrease in 2024 to 8.83 MMb/d, from 8.88 MMb/d in 2023 EUROPE: Stocks rise in October. Crude oil consumption falls sharply. US oil stock data was not available last week due to technical issues on the EIA website. In Europe, Euroilstock monthly figures show an increase in stocks of refined products in the EU-15 and Norway in October from 0.5 Mb to 585 Mb, mainly due to an increase in average distillate stocks. Stocks of petroleum products continued to rise despite a Crude oil consumption in European refineries fell 4.5% to 8.97 MMb/d, the lowest level since March 2022. This is partly due to maintenance work at several refineries over the past month. Average distillate stocks rose 0.3% to 393 MMBs in October. Although some market participants were concerned about a possible tightening of supply in Europe, in particular due to problems in refineries and the Russian diesel embargo, traders Note that the distillate market remains well supplied, with aggregate demand for average distillates remaining weak in October. Gasoline inventories edged down 0.3% to 108 MMb, while demand remained strong during the month as arbitrage for exports to the US remained open. Oil inventories fell again in October, falling 1.2% to 56 Mb, the lowest level since September 2022. The use of lighter crude oils in European refineries appears to be putting pressure on oil supplies.

Brent stabilizes around $90/b, pending the evolution of the conflict in the Middle East. Weekly analysis of the oil market After the sharp rise in oil prices over the past two weeks following Hamas' attack on Israel, crude oil prices fell last week to stabilize at around $90/bbl over the weekend. Crude oil prices now fully incorporate a geopolitical premium of $6-7/bbl and, in the absence of further developments in the conflict, are expected to continue to hover around $90/bbl. The announcement this weekend by the Israeli army "of the beginning of the second phase" of the war with the intensification of air strikes and ground operations in Gaza suggests however that the risk of igniting the conflict in the region via Iran, main support Hamas' material remains possible even if for the moment this scenario does not seem the one that the oil markets envisage. Indeed, in future markets, hedge fund managers have begun to reduce their net bullish crude oil (Brent and WTI) of 13,185 net positions combined to 390,791, based on weekly futures and options data from ICE Futures Europe and CFTC. Bullish bets on WTI crude oil have even come down to their lowest levels in eight weeks. On average weekly, Brent crude oil prices in futures markets fell by $1.8/bbl to $89.3/bbl, and WTI lost $3.3/bbl to $84.7/bbl. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg as of October 25 have revised up their crude oil price forecast for this quarter to $90/bbl (+$1.0/bbl). IMF: Global recovery still weak and disparities between regions growing. The global economy continues to send mixed signals, with the weakness of the eurozone contrasting with the vigour of the United States. In its latest economic outlook report, the IMF notes that global economic activity remains below its pre-pandemic trajectory. Several factors are holding back the recovery. Some reflect long-term consequences of the pandemic, such as the war in Ukraine. Others are more cyclical in nature, including the effects of the tightening of monetary policies needed to curb inflation, and the reduction of tax incentives faced with the increase in the public debt of States. The IMF now forecasts global growth of 3% for 2023 (from 3.5% in 2022) and 2.9% for 2024. These projections remain below the historical average (2000-19) of 3.8%, and forecasts for 2024 are down 0.1 percentage point from last July’s estimates. For advanced economies, growth is expected to fall to 1.5% in 2023 and 1.4% in 2024 (from 2.6% in 2022), as the US economy bounces off weaker-than-expected growth in the eurozone. For emerging markets and developing economies, growth is expected to decline slightly from 4.1% in 2022 to 4.0% in 2023 and 2024. In China, post-COVID growth momentum, which is expected to bring growth to 5.0% this year, is expected to slow to 4% in 2024 as the economy faces increasing headwinds due mainly to the housing crisis. Global inflation is projected to decline gradually from 8.7% in 2022 to 6.9% in 2023 and 5.8% in 2024. The forecasts for 2023 and 2024 have been revised upwards by 0.1 percentage point and 0.6 percentage point respectively, compared to last July’s forecasts. For the IMF, USA: Another mega merger acquisition in the oil sector According to the weekly EIA report, US commercial crude oil stocks increased by +1.4 mb during the week to October 20 (compared to -0.5 mb for consensus and +1.2 mb on average over 5 years. Despite this increase, stocks remain at their lowest level in 5 years. The increase was supported by crude oil exports, which decreased by 0.5 mb/d, and refineries, which reduced their processing by 0.2 mb/d to return now in the 5-year average. In addition, domestic crude oil production remained stable at a record 13.2 MMb/d, with the number of platforms in operation increasing by 2. In terms of product, gasoline inventories slightly increased (+0.2 Mb vs -1.3 Mb consensus), reflecting lower demand (-1%) and smaller exports. Distillate stocks fell sharply (-1.7 mb vs -1.8 mb consensus) due to an increase in net exports. After the acquisition of Pionner by Exxon for 60 billion dollars, Chevron announced last Monday the acquisition of the Hess oil company for $53 billion. While Exxon’s target was clearly oriented towards shale the acquisition of Hess diversifies Chevron’s portfolio with assets in Bakken and especially Guyana (where production is expected to increase 1.5-fold next year to nearly 0.6 MMb/d, according to the IEA). Most these record acquisitions are driven by the search for new oil and gas reserves to support growth long-term returns for shareholders. However, they also reflect the difficulty for these American oil giants to increase their own production, given the decline of In 10 years, Exxon’s production has fallen by nearly 12%, from 4.2 MMb/d in 2012 at 3.7 Mb/d in 2023, its lowest level since the merger with Mobil. Against this backdrop, both companies closed down sharply this week with the release of their quarterly results. In the third quarter of 2023, the US oil majors' profits fell sharply year-on-year (-54% for Exxon, -42% for Chevron), 2022 was an exceptional year with crude oil prices soaring to nearly $140/bbl. However, this year’s results are up from 3T2021. Note the excellent results of TotalEnergie, with a record quarterly result of $6.7 billion, up +1% year-on-year. Europe: lower prices for petroleum products on the Rotterdam market In Europe, on the Rotterdam market, stocks of petroleum products increased very slightly last week, with higher stocks of gasoline and naphtha offsetting lower stocks of diesel. Commodity prices followed the decline in the price of crude oil with a decline of 0.6% for gasoline and 2.3% for diesel. European refining margin (Brent FCC) drops from $0.2/bbl to $5.5/bbl but remains nearly 11% above average over the last five years ($5/bbl).

In a particularly tense geopolitical context, crude oil prices remained broadly stable last week before surging nearly $5/bbl last Friday when Iran’s foreign minister warned that Tehran-backed Hezbollah could open a new front in Israel’s war against Hamas if the blockade of Gaza continued. On average weekly, Brent crude oil prices in futures markets gained $0.5/bbl to $87.7/bbl, while WTI lost $0.2/bbl to $85.3/bbl. Weekly analysis of the oil market Brent stable despite geopolitical tensions and market volatility. On the spot market, Brent lost $1/bbl to $90.5/bbl. Despite the absence of a significant influence on oil supply to date, the current geopolitical instability prompts market players to take measures to protect themselves from the risk of a possible price increase, that could result from a regional escalation of the conflict between Israel and Hamas. The oil volatility index (OVX) has thus risen sharply to exceed 44, its highest level since last March, a sign of the great uncertainty in the market. However, the median crude oil price forecast for this quarter and the first quarter of 2024 has been revised upwards to $87.2/bbl and $87.5/bbl respectively. At the same time, the high forecasts were revalued by +$7.5/b to $103.6/b for this quarter. IEA vs. OPEC: Two different visions of the global oil market in 2024. In its latest monthly report, the IEA notes that, barring unforeseen disruptions, global oil production is expected to average around 101.3 MMb/d in the fourth quarter, thanks in particular to higher production from Nigeria and Kazakhstan. Crude oil production is projected to increase by +1.5 MMb/d year-on-year to an average of 101.6 MMb/d, thanks to the United States, which will contribute 1.3 Mb/d to global supply growth in 2023, or 65% of total non-OPEC growth+ (2 Mb/d this year). For next year, the IEA forecasts a substantial increase in global supply, mainly driven by the US (but to a lesser extent than this year) and other non-OPEC+ producers such as Brazil, Guyana and Canada. These four countries will contribute 65% to growth of 1.7 MMb/d in 2024, bringing global oil production to a new annual peak of 103.3 MMb/d. In terms of oil demand, the IEA expects a strong growth trajectory to continue in the fourth quarter. For 2023 as a whole, average growth of 2.3 MMb/d is expected, bringing global demand to 101.9 Mb/d. According to the IEA, China remains one of the main drivers of this growth, with a 77% contribution. Globally, demand for oil is mainly driven by demand for kerosene and petrochemicals. In 2024, oil demand growth is expected to slow to 0.9 MMb/d, due to a more challenging economic climate and continued progress in energy efficiency, bringing global demand to 102.7 MMb/d. In this context, the market is expected to return to a surplus next year (+1.3 MMb/d in the first half of the year and +0.6 MMb/d over the year), which could force OPEC+ to maintain or even strengthen its policy of reducing production. The IEA scenario differs from that of OPEC, which on the basis of the current agreements of OPEC+ members leads instead to a supply deficit of 1 MMb/d on average next year. OPEC estimates that oil demand in 2024 will increase by +2.2 MMb/d to 104.3 MMb/d, driven by solid global economic growth, with continued improvements in China. Growth is expected mainly in non-OECD countries (+2 MMb/d), particularly in the Middle East and Asia (China, India mostly). USA: Crude stocks rise. Oil production at its highest. Last week, US commercial crude stocks increased by +10.2 million barrels (against a consensus of -1.4 million barrels/+4.3 million barrels on average over 5 years. This increase was supported by exports of crude oil down -1.9 MMb/d and an increase in domestic crude production of +300 Mb/d to a record 13.2 MMb/d. On the product side, gasoline and distillate inventories are down, confirming a slight recovery in demand and exports. Europe: relatively stable petroleum products market. Tensions on diesel. In Europe, on the Rotterdam market, stocks of petroleum products fell slightly last week, mainly due to lower diesel stocks. The price of petroleum products increased by 0.2% for petrol and by 0.9% for diesel. The gas oil market in Europe remains tight, due to the Russian embargo and a decrease in exports from the United States and Saudi Arabia. In addition, the low water level on the Rhine puts additional pressure on distribution costs in Europe, bringing them closer to the peaks reached in July. The European refining margin remained stable last week at $6.3/bbl.

La transition énergétique de l’Europe Photovoltaïque L’industrie photovoltaïque mondiale est actuellement concentrée en Chine. Mais la croissance sans précédent du marché ouvre des opportunités pour les acteurs européens, qui bénéficient de trois tendances. Après une longue période de progrès progressifs, où la seule différence était le prix, l’accélération technologique se produit maintenant en Europe. Dans des domaines tels que l’automobile, l’agriculture et la construction, diverses niches pourraient ouvrir la voie à de nouveaux segments de marché pour des produits hautement différenciés, loin de la logique des matières premières qui domine actuellement. Enfin, les réglementations européennes évoluent : avec une plus grande prise en compte du cycle de vie (moins de production à forte intensité de carbone, recyclabilité), elles sont susceptibles de changer la donne. En photovoltaïque, est-il possible de faire une différence ailleurs que sur le prix ? Il est vrai qu’en termes de technologie, l’industrie du panneau solaire se caractérise aujourd’hui par une certaine homogénéité. La plupart des acteurs utilisent une technologie basée sur le silicium polycristallin ou quasi-monocristallin, implémentée dans différentes architectures. Cela ne signifie pas qu’il n’y a pas d’innovation, mais plutôt qu’elle a été progressive jusqu’à présent. Néanmoins, au fil du temps, il y a eu des améliorations importantes du rendement et des coûts. En ce qui concerne les performances des appareils, le premier panneau proprement dit, développé en 1954 par Bell Labs (quarante ans après les premiers essais de cellules photovoltaïques en silicium), avait une efficacité de 6%. Il y a quelques années, ce chiffre était passé à 13 ou 14%, et aujourd’hui une grande partie des panneaux solaires sur le marché ont un rendement d’environ 20%. Le coût des panneaux a chuté de 80 % en dix ans. Le coût des panneaux a chuté de 80 % en dix ans, pour de bonnes et de mauvaises raisons. Les bonnes raisons sont les avancées technologiques et l’intensification de la transition énergétique. Les mauvaises raisons sont les subventions massives, en particulier en Allemagne, qui, au lieu d’aider l’industrie européenne à décoller, ont conduit à une surcapacité industrielle et à une guerre des prix dans laquelle seuls quelques fabricants chinois ont pu survivre et qu’ils dominent maintenant. Aujourd’hui, le prix est le critère principal, bien avant la performance, tant pour les installateurs de fermes photovoltaïques que pour les clients privés. Cela signifie-t-il que l’industrie européenne ne sera pas à la hauteur ? Non, pour au moins trois raisons. La première, c’est que le marché est en plein essor et qu’il y a de la place pour de nouveaux joueurs. Nous n’avons pas encore les chiffres définitifs pour 2022, mais en 2021, selon l’Agence internationale de l’énergie1, la production mondiale d’énergie photovoltaïque a augmenté d’un record de 179 TWh (+22%) pour atteindre plus de 1000 TWh. Cette croissance est tirée par le marché chinois, suivi par les États-Unis et l’Union européenne. Si nous suivons le scénario de carboneutralité des Nations Unies, la production solaire photovoltaïque annuelle devra atteindre environ 7400 TWh d’ici 2030. À partir des 1000 TWh actuels, cela implique une croissance moyenne de la production d’environ 25% par an sur la période 2022-2030. Dans ce vaste marché, la production chinoise continuera de dominer, et nous devons examiner de près ce qui se passe aux États-Unis. Mais la croissance du marché européen sera également très significative, ce qui ouvre des perspectives de reprise pour les acteurs européens, car - et c’est la deuxième raison - nous entrons dans une phase où un certain nombre d’innovations technologiques arrivent à maturité, et bien qu’elles ne soient pas des percées au sens strict du terme, elles représentent des accélérations décisives.

Like Star Wars, according to the Chinese scientific journal Systems Engineering and Electronics , a new machine using magnetic plasma rings developed by Chinese scientists would be able to move objects remotely. They could thus deflect space debris, recover defective satellites, change their trajectory and revolutionary military applications. China Can Moving Satellites Remotly What technology would have been used ? A Cannon projecting rings of magnetized plasma creating magnetic fields. The magnetic cannon would have a range of one kilometer and could move objects just after a few minutes of activation. The cannon will project eight rings of plasma towards a target every second, at a speed of 10,000 meters per second, or 30 times the speed of sound. When these plasma rings approach the target, they begin to influence its movement using magnetic force. How it works. The central piece is a magnetized coaxial barrel. This is a device able to generating flows of hot, electron-rich and energetic gases. These plasma rings house charged particles such as ions and electrons. The latter can move autonomously by reacting to electric and magnetic fields. The magnetic field, generated by the discharge current circulating in the plasma ring, in turn induces a current in the plasma. This current generates a magnetic field opposite to the original one. The process repeats until the magnetic field lines are frozen in the plasma. Which means that the magnetic force can be routed to a distant destination through the plasma ring. Applications of such technology. Make available the possibility to quickly stop or divert the rotation of a space object (debris or satellite). The possibility of attracting a small satellite to a spacecraft for inspection or repair. Tow or recover any magnetizable object in space. the team of researchers proposed the idea of ​​using plasma rings to regulate the relative movement of a companion satellite. This is with the aim of directing it towards the main satellite for recovery. These plasma rings generate a well of dynamic magnetic potential, capable of interacting with the magnetic field of the companion satellite. Thus, we create a force exploited to reduce the relative speed of the two satellites and bring them closer. This method constitutes an innovative and adaptable approach for the rapid recovery of companion satellites. It also opens the way to potential applications in precise delivery missions. This technology can replace robotic arms and reduce the risk of accidents and represent a major utility in space exploration and the manipulation of space objects, particularly in their delivery and trajectory correction in the event of a malfunction. The military use of the device, although obvious and revolutionary, is not filled in the study, even if its design is linked to the defense industry.

With 1000 billion capitalization, Nvidia joins Big Tech and appears as a leading player. Stock Market Microprocessor NVDIA A very fast growth. With +20% above forecasts on these profits, Nvidia far exceeded Wall Street estimates for revenues and profits for the first quarter of 2023 Nvidia forecasts revenue of $11 billion for the next quarter, while Wall Street expected only $7 billion. Why this growth Their order book explodes since the boom of artificial intelligence (AI) The company went public in January 1999. And since then, she has known: The Internet-powered technology boom through 2000 The boom in cloud-powered technologies in the 2010s The COVID-fueled tech boom in 2020/21 During this time, Nvidia has never seen its revenue increase more than 50% quarter over quarter. Until today when orders are exploding. Big tech companies like Alphabet and Amazon are developing new AI-driven services and products, so they're buying Nvidia graphics cards en masse to power it all. NVDIA technology being the basis of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is normal that NVDIA is the first to benefit from its boom. However, other AI companies will also join Big Tech in the coming years… See the 3 AI actions we recommend.

Methane hydrate: a new source of natural gas. Methane hydrate (or Methane Clathrate) is a compound of organic origin naturally present in the seabed, on some continental slopes, as well as in the permafrost of the polar regions. These methane hydrates are generally located between 400 and 600m below the ocean floor. #HYDRATEMETHANE.The countries at the forefront are Japan and Canada. Our advice: now is the time to invest in Methane Hydrates. Know the pioneering companies in the exploitation …. Methane hydrate consists of a fine "cage" of ice in which is trapped methane from the decomposition of relatively recent organic components compared to that which generated oil and natural gas. The deposition of organic component at the origin of Methane Hydrate is carried out by anaerobic and methanogenic micro-organisms. Methane being the main component of natural gas, the exploitation of these Methane Clarthrate therefore constitutes a new source of Natural Gas. This new sector is all the more interesting as the deposits of Methane Clarthrate are abundant and distributed in almost all the seabeds of the world. The reserves of methane hydrate constitute an enormous reserve of energy. It is estimated today that the methane hydrates of the ocean floor contain twice as much carbon equivalent as all of the natural gas, oil and coal deposits known worldwide. Currently known distribution of methane hydrate reserves. Along the southeastern coast of the USA alone, an area of ​​26,000 square kilometers contains 35 Gt (gigatons = billions of tonnes) of carbon, or 105 times the natural gas consumption of the USA in 1996! Studies for the exploitation of methane hydrate deposits have begun, with large investments currently being made in the development of extraction techniques.

On the stock market, water is a source of opportunities that today generates $1.4 trillion in annual revenue, with an increase of 3% to 5% per year. Water and related technologies refer to the various tools, systems, and innovations used in managing, treating, and conserving water resources. This field encompasses a wide range of technologies and practices designed to ensure the availability and quality of clean water for various purposes such as drinking, irrigation, industrial use, and environmental preservation. Some key examples of water and related technologies include water treatment systems, desalination plants, water purification methods, wastewater treatment processes, rainwater harvesting techniques, water recycling systems, and smart water management systems. Water demand is increasing Following demographic pressure ( in 2050, there will be 9 billion people on earth ), demand is increasing, and it will quickly become exponential. The water market is growing continuously, from 3 to 5% per year. For a simple reason: demand is increasing while the amount of water on earth remains the same. Indeed, directly usable water is rare, only 0.25% of the water on earth. Agriculture, industry and consumers are always asking for more. The population is growing and consumption per person is also increasing (it has doubled in 100 years). Even artificial intelligence uses water to function. At Microsoft, artificial intelligence has caused a 34% increase in water consumption in one year. Limited offer: the total volume of water is limited. Despite all the existing infrastructures, 25% of the population still does not have access to drinking water. Seleument 0.25% of the water present on earth is directly usable by man, to increase this volume, it will be necessary to increase in quality and quantity the capacity of water transformation (electrolysis seawater etc...). Climate change will further exacerbate this imbalance. In the UK, to cope with future droughts, daily capacity will need to increase by 2.7 billion litres by 2050. How to invest in water on the stock market. You can invest in water through distribution, technology and environmental services Water distributors such as: Severn Trent, Pennon, American Water Work, Guandong Investment (China) . These companies have stable business models based on long-term concession contracts, offering high visibility. Invest in water transformation technologies and associated scientific research. These technologies play a crucial role in addressing water scarcity, pollution, and ineffective water management practices. They aim to improve water access and quality, reduce wastage, and promote sustainable use of this precious resource. Advancements in water technologies have also led to the development of innovative and efficient solutions for water conservation, such as efficient irrigation systems, leak detection and prevention methods, and monitoring tools for water quality. In addition to technological advancements, water and related technologies also involve research and development efforts to.

On June 23, 2022, Germany declared the alert level of the gas emergency plan.

The ban applies to gasoline, diesel and other petroleum products, except lubricants Oil products will not be exported for four months, with the exception of lubricants. With this export ban, the country aims to protect its own domestic energy supply and to ensure that the citizens of Kazakhstan are not deprived of energy. The statement issued on 8 February by the Kazakh State Revenue Committee said that the order would come into force ten calendar days after its announcement. A similar ban was previously put in place in November 2021 and withdrawn on 21 May 2022 as the country faced a fuel shortage. Landlocked Kazakhstan is the world's ninth largest exporter of crude oil and holds three percent of the world's total oil reserves. Kazakhstan does not have a pipeline to export its gas to the EU. The Russian port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea is the main route for oil exports. Kazakhstan and Europe With 70% of Kazakhstan's oil exports going to Europe, and with few other resources, the country relies heavily on this financial input. "The country entered the global oil market in 1993, after the country's government and Chevron agreed to create a giant oil production company, Tengizchevroil, to produce oil in two large fields near the Caspian Sea. In 1997, Kazakhstan signed a production sharing agreement with seven international companies, including Agip, British Gas, BP, Mobil, Shell, Statoil and Total". The ban in Kazakhstan came days after the EU embargo on Russian fuel imports and price caps on diesel and other products came into effect. On 5 February, the G7+ coalition and all EU Member States agreed to cap the price of Russian crude oil transported by sea. The embargo was accompanied by a price cap on deliveries to third countries, agreed with the G7 in the same way that the EU and G7 coordinated the price cap on Russian crude last year. Sanctions on Russian oil. So far, two price ceilings have been established for Russian oil products: one for "premium-to-crude" oil products such as diesel, paraffin and gasoline, and one for "discount-to-crude" oil products such as fuel oil and naptha. The first price cap was set at $100 per barrel, while the second was set at $45 per barrel. Under the agreement, EU and G7 countries will prohibit banks from financing the purchase and sale of Russian oil, insurance companies from insuring shipments and ports from unloading oil carried by tankers if it is traded at a price higher than that set by the European Union. The EU price cap has been strongly criticised by Russia. In early February, Moscow imposed a ban on oil sales to states and entities that support the Russian oil price cap. With the exception of situations requiring special presidential approval, the ban will be in force for five months. The measure also prohibits the purchase of raw materials from Russia, even through intermediate countries or supply chains.